Thermodynamics (Symbols)¶
Symbols related to thermodynamics.
- temperature¶
Temperature is a scalar quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness and coldness. It reflects the average kinetic energy of the vibrating and colliding atoms making up a substance.
- Symbol:
T- Latex:
\(T\)
- Dimension:
temperature
- adiabatic_index¶
Adiabatic index, or heat capacity ratio, is the ratio of heat capacity at constant pressure to that at constant volume.
- Symbol:
gamma- Latex:
\(\gamma\)
- Dimension:
dimensionless
- heat_capacity¶
Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical property of matter, defined as the amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature.
- Symbol:
C- Latex:
\(C\)
- Dimension:
energy/temperature
- molar_heat_capacity¶
Molar heat capacity is defined as the heat capacity per unit amount of substance.
- Symbol:
c_m- Latex:
\(c_{m}\)
- Dimension:
energy/(amount_of_substance*temperature)
- thermal_expansion_coefficient¶
Thermal expansion coefficient describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature at constant pressure.
- Symbol:
alpha- Latex:
\(\alpha\)
- Dimension:
1/temperature
- thermodynamic_compressibility¶
Compressibility is a measure of the instantaneous relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure or mean stress change.
- Symbol:
beta- Latex:
\(\beta\)
- Dimension:
1/pressure
- thermal_resistance¶
Thermal resistance measures the opposition to the heat current in a material or system.
- Symbol:
R- Latex:
\(R\)
- Dimension:
temperature/power
- thermal_conductivity¶
Thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat. It is defined as the proportionality coefficient between the heat flux and the temperature gradient.
- Symbol:
k- Latex:
\(k\)
- Dimension:
power/(length*temperature)
- thermal_insulance¶
The R-value, or thermal insulance, is a measure of how well a two-dimensional barrier, such as a layer of insulation, a window or a complete wall or ceiling, resists the conductive flow of heat, in the context of construction.
- Symbol:
R_val- Latex:
\(R_\text{val}\)
- Dimension:
area*temperature/power
- compressibility_factor¶
The compressibility factor, also known as the compression factor or the gas deviation factor, describes the deviation of a real gas from ideal gas behavior.
- Symbol:
Z- Latex:
\(Z\)
- Dimension:
dimensionless
- partition_function¶
In statistical mechanics, the partition function describes the statistical properties of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium. It plays the role of a normalization constant in microstate distributions of the system by encoding the information about how the probabilities are partitioned among the different microstates based on the specific microstate variables.
- Symbol:
Z- Latex:
\(Z\)
- Dimension:
dimensionless
- boltzmann_factor¶
In statistical mechanics, the Boltzmann factor is a quantity that describes the approximate fraction of particles in the canonical ensemble.
- Symbol:
f- Latex:
\(f\)
- Dimension:
dimensionless
- entropy¶
Entropy is a physical quantity most commonly associated with a state of randomness or disorder. In the approach of the classical thermodynamics, entropy is defined in terms of macroscopically measurable physical properties, such as volume, bulk mass, pressure, etc. The statistical definition defines it in terms of the statistics of the motions of the microscopic constituents of a system.
- Symbol:
S- Latex:
\(S\)
- Dimension:
energy/temperature
- chemical_potential¶
The chemical potential of a species is the energy that can be absorbed or released due to a change of the particle number of the given species, e.g. in a chemical reaction or phase transition.
- Symbol:
mu- Latex:
\(\mu\)
- Dimension:
energy
- gibbs_energy¶
The Gibbs energy is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum amount of work, other than pressure-volume work, that may be performed by a thermodynamically closed system at constant temperature and pressure.
- Symbol:
G- Latex:
\(G\)
- Dimension:
energy
- enthalpy¶
Enthalpy is a state function defined as the sum of a thermodynamic system’s internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume, used in measurements at a constant external pressure.
- Symbol:
H- Latex:
\(H\)
- Dimension:
energy
- helmholtz_free_energy¶
In thermodynamics, the Helmholtz free energy (or Helmholtz energy) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the useful work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature.
- Symbol:
F- Latex:
\(F\)
- Dimension:
energy
- internal_energy¶
Internal energy is a thermodynamical state function which denotes the entire energy of a closed system of molecules or the sum of a substance’s molecular kinetic and potential energy. It excludes the potential and kinetic energies of the system as a whole and is only concerned with the energy of the molecules comprising the system.
- Symbol:
U- Latex:
\(U\)
- Dimension:
energy
- thermal_wavelength¶
The thermal de Broglie wavelength is a quantity that is roughly the average de Broglie wavelength of particles in an ideal gas at the specified temperature.
Links:
- Symbol:
lambda- Latex:
\(\lambda\)
- Dimension:
length
- heat¶
In thermodynamics, heat is energy in transfer between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings by modes other than thermodynamic work and transfer of matter.
- Symbol:
Q- Latex:
\(Q\)
- Dimension:
energy
- thermal_efficiency¶
The thermal efficiency is a dimensionless performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy. A generic definition of thermal energy is the ratio of the energy benefit to the energy costs attributed to the defice.
- Symbol:
eta- Latex:
\(\eta\)
- Dimension:
dimensionless
- statistical_weight¶
Statistical weight, or multiplicity, is a physical quantity denoting the number of microstates corresponding to a particular macrostate of a thermodynamic system.
- Symbol:
Omega- Latex:
\(\Omega\)
- Dimension:
dimensionless
- relative_humidity¶
Relative humidity is a quantity that indicates a present state of absolute humidity relative to a maximum humidity given the same temperature.
- Symbol:
phi- Latex:
\(\varphi\)
- Dimension:
dimensionless
- mean_free_path¶
Mean free path is the average distance over which a moving particle travels before substantially changing its direction or energy.
Links:
- Symbol:
lambda- Latex:
\(\lambda\)
- Dimension:
length
- sutherland_constant¶
The Sutherland constant is a parameter used in the Sutherland model for gaseous viscosity.
Links:
- Symbol:
S- Latex:
\(S\)
- Dimension:
temperature
- prandtl_number¶
The Prandtl number is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity.
Links:
- Symbol:
Pr- Latex:
\(\text{Pr}\)
- Dimension:
dimensionless
- grashof_number¶
The Grashof number approximates the ratio of the buoyancy to viscous forces acting on a fluid.
Links:
- Symbol:
Gr- Latex:
\(\text{Gr}\)
- Dimension:
dimensionless
- kinematic_viscosity¶
In fluid dynamics, kinematic viscosity, or momentum diffusivity, is defined as the ratio of the dynamic viscosity over the density of the fluid.
Links:
- Symbol:
nu- Latex:
\(\nu\)
- Dimension:
area/time
- thermal_diffusivity¶
Thermal diffusivity is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat capacity at constant pressure.
Links:
- Symbol:
alpha- Latex:
\(\alpha\)
- Dimension:
area/time
- attractive_forces_parameter¶
Parameter specific to each individual substance, usually attributed to the magnitude of attractive forces between particles of the system.
- Symbol:
a- Latex:
\(a\)
- Dimension:
pressure*volume**2/amount_of_substance**2
- excluded_volume_parameter¶
Parameter specific to each individual substance, usually attributed to the amount of excluded molar volume due to a finite size of particles.
- Symbol:
b- Latex:
\(b\)
- Dimension:
volume/amount_of_substance