Bragg diffraction from angle of diffraction and wavelength
==========================================================

Diffraction from a three-dimensional periodic structure such as atoms in a crystal is called Bragg's
diffraction. This is similar to what happens when waves are scattered on a diffraction grating. Bragg's
diffraction is a consequence of interference between waves reflected from crystal planes.

**Conditions:**

#. The scattering of light on the atomic planes is specular (mirror-like).
#. The incident and scattered light and the light inside the crystal have the same wavelength.

**Links:**

#. `Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragg%27s_law#Bragg_condition>`__.

.. py:currentmodule:: symplyphysics.laws.optics.bragg_diffraction_from_angle_diffraction_order_wavelength

.. py:data:: distance

    :attr:`~symplyphysics.symbols.classical_mechanics.euclidean_distance` between crystal planes, also called the "grating constant" of the crystal.

Symbol:
    :code:`d`

Latex:
    :math:`d`

Dimension:
    :code:`length`


.. py:data:: diffraction_order

    **Diffraction order** indicates the number of integer wavelengths that fit in the total
    light path so that the light waves could constructively interfere. See :attr:`~symplyphysics.symbols.basic.positive_number`.

Symbol:
    :code:`N`

Latex:
    :math:`N`

Dimension:
    :code:`dimensionless`


.. py:data:: wavelength

    :attr:`~symplyphysics.symbols.classical_mechanics.wavelength` of the incident and scattered light.

Symbol:
    :code:`lambda`

Latex:
    :math:`\lambda`

Dimension:
    :code:`length`


.. py:data:: glancing_angle

    The **glancing angle** is the :attr:`~symplyphysics.symbols.basic.angle` that complements the angle of incidence of the beam
    up to a right angle.

Symbol:
    :code:`phi`

Latex:
    :math:`\varphi`

Dimension:
    :code:`angle`


.. py:data:: law

    :code:`d = N * lambda / (2 * sin(phi))`


    Latex:
        .. math::
            d = \frac{N \lambda}{2 \sin{\left(\varphi \right)}}